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Trans saharan lineages establish a direct genetic link between Ancient Kmt and modern West Afrikans
Interestingly, the same general pattern was also a feature of E-V12. This haplogroup has two lineages: the Mediterranean E-CTS693 and E-V32 in the Horn of Africa (figure 22, panels C, G and H). The diversification in the Mediterranean area dates back to a time window of 10.01 ± 1.17 – 8.98 ± 1.12 kya, while the arrival in the Horn of Africa occurred between 10.01 ± 1.17 and 5.99 ± 0.72 kya (figure 16). In this context, it is worth noting that although E-V32 is mainly found in the Horn of Africa, it also includes a rare sub-clade (E-V32/V6873) which is restricted to the central Sahel. This finding can be interpreted as a result of a movement along the Sahelian belt, which will be described in-depth in a later section.
We found clear signals of connections between central and eastern Sahel on the basis of the distribution of two internal clades: A3-M13/V4735 and E-M78/V32 (figures 12 and 16). A3-M13/V4735 originated between 10.24 ± 0.96 and 6.02 ± 0.98 somewhere in the central Sahel. Between 6.02 ± 0.98 and 5.30 ± 1.01 kya, we observed a shift in the geographic distribution from the central Sahel to eastern Africa. In about the same period, between 5.99 ± 0.72 and 5.17 ± 1.09 kya, we found evidence of a movement along the same axis involving the internal lineages of E-M78/V32. In fact, in this time window, a clade restricted to the central Sahel (E-V32/V6873) split from the eastern E-V32
subjects, suggesting a migration from east to west, opposite to the putative movement of A3-M13/V4735. (Atanasio; 2018)
