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Uganda has been populated since from the fourth century B.C. This long history of human occupation is partly the result of its abundant rainfall, fertile soils, their moderate temperatures and “lush” forests and grasslands that supported large herds of edible wildlife. Although hunter gatherer people like the Batwa who were the very first to settle in Uganda, they were later displaced by agriculturists and pastoralists who were drawn to the area by its farming and grazing conditions.

Gradually, the agriculturists and the pastoralists grew in number and strength and dislodged the hunter gatherers forcing them to occupy the less hospitable mountainous terrain to the west and southwestern part of the country. Uganda is still an agrarian society as much of the population has close ties to the land. They provide farming, herding and hunting and have a communal social outlook.