

Heru
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“From Senegambia to Mali—including in the Islamic theocracy in Futa Djallon,84 in Futa Toro,85 and among the Dina in Masina—the Fulbe also contributed decisively to state building in nineteenth-century western Bilad al-Sudan.86 Particularly remarkable among them was Umar Tall.87 Initiated into the Tijaniyya in his homeland of northern Senegal,…
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Distribution of Hausa speakers in west Africa.
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“Beverly Mack and Jean Boyd have documented the role played by women in the intellectual and political life of the Sokoto Caliphate. Uthman Dan Fodio himself belonged to a clan in which women received religious instruction. His mother and grandmother were learned scholars,77 and his daughter Nana Asma’u78 (d. 1864) wrote nine poems in Arabic,…
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