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The slave trade from Mozambique and southern Tanzania was carried out by agents of the – arab(emphasis mine) sultanate of Zanzibar – in cooperation with some “African”(quotations mine) tribes. Raids and prisoners of war were the typical sources of slaves. Written accounts from the time describe how slave traders marched African slaves 400 miles from the area around Lake Malawi in the interior to the Tanzanian coastal city of Kilwa Kivinje on the Indian Ocean. This written history corresponds exactly with the oral history of the Somali Bantu elders with origins in Mozambique. Bantu refugees with ancestral origins in northeast Tanzania, primarily the Zigua and Zaramo, similarly describe how their ancestors were transported by sea from the Tanzanian port city of Bagamoyo to southern Somalia.
Although many slaves were sold to european buyers with destinations beyond Africa, some slaves were sold to “Africans”(quotations mine) to work on plantations on the continent. Some Africans slaves from Kilwa were transported to the Somali port cities of Merka and Brava where they were forced to work plantations near the indian Ocean coast and in the Shabelle River valley.
(quotations are meant for emphasis that not everyone on The Continent is an “African”)
The Somali Bantu, Their History and Culture. Dan van Lehman, Omar Eno. pg 7-
After the italias supposedly “abolished” somali slave-system, they instituted their own slave-system in somalia… – “The Bantus were also conscripted to forced labor on italian-owned plantations since the somalis themselves were averse to what they deemed menial labor, and because the Italians viewed the somalis as racially superior to the Bantu. While upholding the perception of Somalis as distinct from and superior to the european construct of Black Africans, both british and italian colonial administrators placed the Jubba valley population in the latter category. Colonial discourse described the Jubba valley as occupied by a distinct group of inferior races, collectively identified as the WaGosha by the british and the WaGoscia by the italians. Colonial authorities administratively distinguished the Gosha as an inferior social category, delineating a separate Gosha political district called Goshaland, and proposing a “native reserve” for the Gosha.” – Catherine lowe besteman, unraveling somalia: Race, class, and the legacy of slavery, 1999, p. 120
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