Anti-parasitic strategies and tactics are used to evade, kill, or recover from contact with parasites (lifeforms that use a type of ecological relationship where one lifeform benefits from the relationship at the expense of the other lifeform).
1. prevention = evade and avoid the parasite
○ starlings: line nest with greens to kill fungi
○ sticklebacks: shoal to reduce exposure to ectoparasites
○ cricket: groom after exposure to parasitoid larvae
○ cattle: avoid areas littered with feces that may contain worm larvae
○ capuchin: rub millipede secretions into fur to repel insects
○ wood ants: add conifer resin to nest to repel bacteria and fungi
○ birds: sleep at higher elevations to avoid malaria mosquito
○ birds: spend day downslope w/ fewer malaria mosquitoes
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(12)00173-X.pdf