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We need to distinguish two levels: the immediate one, of local histories, so dear, deeply lived, in which the Afrikan peoples, segmented, by diverse exterior forces the principle one of which is colonization, are shrivelled up, find themselves trapped, and are vegetating today.

A second level, more general, further off in time and space and including the totality of our peoples, comprises the general history of Black Afrika.[i]

[i] Tate Cheikh A. Diop, Civilization or Barbarism: An Authentic Anthropology (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 1991), (213)