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“In Cuba enslaved Carabalí reinvented or re-developed the men’s masquerade (leopard) societies of their home communities (Ejagham ngbe, Efik ekpe, Igbo egbo and okonko) into Afro-Cuban Abakuá, including the drums and dances and masques and the secret writing-system called in Efik nsibidi and in Cuba anaforuana.”
-Douglas B. Chambers, The Igbo Diaspora in the Era of the Slave Trade